Applications Applications Applications Applications

Hydraulic Fracturing

Catalysts for Hydraulic Fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (commonly referred to as “fracking“) is a critical stimulation technique in the upstream oil and gas industry. It involves injecting high-pressure fluid into low-permeability reservoirs—such as shale formations—to create fractures that enhance hydrocarbon flow. Dorf Ketal‘s Tyzor® catalysts serve as crosslinkers in fracturing fluids, which are pivotal in optimizing proppant transport, fluid rheology, and environmental performance. 

Polymers like guar or hydroxypropyl guar increase fluid viscosity and suspend proppants (e.g., sand or ceramic materials) in typical slickwater or gel-based frac systems. However, the performance of these polymers depends on the crosslinking chemistry. This is where organotitanates, such as those in the Tyzor® product line, provide a significant advantage. When introduced into the fluid system, Tyzor® catalysts crosslink the polymer chains, creating a three-dimensional gel structure that increases viscosity and shear resistance. 

One of the primary benefits of Tyzor® crosslinkers in frac applications is their ability to form thermally stable, high-strength gels. This allows for deeper penetration into proppants‘ formation and efficient placement, even in high-temperature or high-pressure environments. Compared to borate-based systems, Tyzor® crosslinkers often exhibit better performance under varying pH and salinity conditions, making them suitable for a wide range of water qualities—including recycled or produced water. 

Tyzor® Solutions

High-Strength Crosslinking for Frac Fluids
Tyzor® creates thermally stable, high-viscosity gels that support proppant transport under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
High-Strength Crosslinking for Frac Fluids
Tyzor® creates thermally stable, high-viscosity gels that support proppant transport under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
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pH and Salinity Tolerance
Tyzor® crosslinkers perform reliably across a wide range of water qualities, including high-salinity, produced, or recycled water sources.
pH and Salinity Tolerance
Tyzor® crosslinkers perform reliably across a wide range of water qualities, including high-salinity, produced, or recycled water sources.
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Delayed Gelation for Long-Pump Jobs
Tyzor® allows precise control of gelation timing, ensuring pumpability and effective crosslinking exactly at the fracture site.
Delayed Gelation for Long-Pump Jobs
Tyzor® allows precise control of gelation timing, ensuring pumpability and effective crosslinking exactly at the fracture site.
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Efficient Gel Break and Low Residue
Tyzor® systems are compatible with common breakers, enabling fast viscosity reduction and minimal residue to preserve fracture conductivity.
Efficient Gel Break and Low Residue
Tyzor® systems are compatible with common breakers, enabling fast viscosity reduction and minimal residue to preserve fracture conductivity.
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Environmentally Responsible Chemistry
With low toxicity and reduced metal content, Tyzor® supports compliance with environmental regulations and sustainable fracking practices.
Environmentally Responsible Chemistry
With low toxicity and reduced metal content, Tyzor® supports compliance with environmental regulations and sustainable fracking practices.
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Improved Proppant Suspension
Tyzor® crosslinked fluids improve suspension stability and proppant distribution, maximizing reservoir contact and hydrocarbon recovery.
Improved Proppant Suspension
Tyzor® crosslinked fluids improve suspension stability and proppant distribution, maximizing reservoir contact and hydrocarbon recovery.
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Smart Reactivity and Crosslinking Performance

Smart Reactivity and Crosslinking Performance

Tyzor® crosslinkers also offer controlled delay in gelation, which is critical for long-pump jobs and horizontal wells. By adjusting the loading level and formulation pH, operators can tailor the crosslinking onset to meet the operational window. This ensures the fluid remains pumpable through surface equipment and tubing while delivering high gel strength at the fracture zone. 

Another advantage lies in clean-up efficiency. After the proppant is placed, the crosslinked gel needs to break down and return to a low-viscosity state so that the well can flow freely. Tyzor®-crosslinked systems are compatible with common enzymatic and oxidative breakers, allowing for rapid viscosity reduction and minimal residue, which protects the conductivity of the proppant pack. 

In addition, Dorf Ketal's Tyzor® products are designed to meet growing environmental and regulatory standards. Their low metal toxicity and reduced residual footprint make them ideal for operators seeking sustainable chemistry in hydraulic fracturing operations. 

In conclusion, Tyzor® catalysts deliver versatility, reliability, and performance in hydraulic fracturing fluids—supporting efficient resource extraction while maintaining environmental responsibility. Whether the goal is extended reach, thermal stability, or optimized clean-up, Dorf Ketal offers advanced crosslinking solutions tailored to the complex demands of today's unconventional reservoirs. 

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Tyzor 209, Tyzor 210, Tyzor 211, Tyzor 212, Tyzor 215, Tyzor 223, Tyzor 227.
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Dorf Ketal develops high-performance chemical technologies designed to enhance efficiency, reliability, and sustainability across a wide range of industrial applications.

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